0 PEWARNAAN ALAM BATIK

Berbicara tentang batik tidak pernah akan terlepas dari motif dan warna yang menjadi daya tarik utama dari batik itu sendiri. Ada beberapa jenis zat warna yang digunakan dalam proses pembuatan batik, antara lain Remasol, Naptol, Indigosol zat warna asam, direk, pewrna alam dan banyak lagi jenis-jenis zat warna lainnya. Untuk pewarna alam adalah warna yang di ambil dari alam dengan proses ektrasksi. Dengan berkembangnya batik pewarna alam sangat diminati karena mempunyai warna yang soft (lembut dan enak di pandang). Pewarnaan alam berkembang dikalangan pembuat batik walaupun lebih rumit pembuatannya. Alasan utamanya adalah pewarna alam lebih ramah lingkungan dan otomatis hasil warnanya lebih alami dan  lebih sejuk dipandang mata dan sesuai dengan yang berkembang hari-hari ini go green. 

Bahan utama yang digunakan untuk membuat pewarna alam ini dapat ditemukan di sekitar kita, bunga, kulit buah bahkan kulit kayu juga dapat dimanfaatkan. Cara pembuatannya pun cukup sederhana, kita hanya perlu mencuci material yang akan dipergunakan, lalu dipotong kecil-kecil dan direbus minimal 12 jam. Semakin lama kita merebusnya semakin bagus hasil pewarnaannya.

Tujuan proses ekstraksi ini yaitu untuk menghasilkan zat warna alam yang akan di gunakan untuk pewarna'an.di antara zat warna yang menggalami proses ekstraksi adalah golongan mordant,dyrect dan gol asam/basa,baik yang berasal dari daun,kulit kayu atau akar dari tumbuhan tersebut

1.      Proses ekstraksi/perebusan warna alam

2.      1 kg daun/biji/kayu/kulit kayu

3.      Di masukkan ke dalam air 5-10L

4.      Di rebus sampai mendidih selama 1 jam terhitung dari mulai air mendidih

5.      Diamkan selama 30-60 menit dan saring larutan

6.      Larutan siap di pakai

7.      Gunakan larutan jangan di buang ya dan selamat mencoba

0 Batik Jalanmu

         Batik adalah salah satu cara pembuatan bahan pakaian. Kata "batik" berasal dari gabungan dua kata bahasa Jawa: "amba", yang bermakna "menulis" dan "titik" yang bermakna "titik"Selain itu batik bisa mengacu pada dua hal. Yang pertama adalah teknik pewarnaan kain dengan menggunakan malam untuk mencegah pewarnaan sebagian dari kain. Dalam literature internasional, teknik ini dikenal sebagai wax-resist dyeing. Pengertian kedua adalah kain atau busana yang dibuat dengan teknik tersebut, termasuk penggunaan motif-motif tertentu yang memiliki kekhasan. Batik Indonesia, sebagai keseluruhan teknik, teknologi, serta pengembangan motif dan budaya yang terkait, oleh UNESCO telah ditetapkan sebagai Warisan Kemanusiaan untuk Budaya Lisan dan Nonbendawi (Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity) sejak 2 Oktober, 2009.1. Dalam literatur Eropa, teknik batik ini pertama kali diceritakan dalam buku History of Java (London, 1817) tulisan Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles. Ia pernah menjadi Gubernur Inggris di Jawa semasa Napoleon menduduki Belanda. Pada 1873 seorang saudagar Belanda Van Rijekevorsel memberikan selembar batik yang diperolehnya saat berkunjung ke Indonesia ke Museum Etnik di Rotterdam dan pada awal abad ke-19 itulah batik mulai mencapai masa keemasannya. Sewaktu dipamerkan di Exposition Universelle di Paris pada tahun 1900, batik Indonesia memukau publik dan seniman.

         Seni pewarnaan kain dengan teknik pencegahan pewarnaan menggunakan malam adalah salah satu bentuk seni kuno. Penemuan di Mesir menunjukkan bahwa teknik ini telah dikenal semenjak abad ke-4 SM, dengan diketemukannya kain pembungkus mumi yang juga dilapisi malam untuk membentuk pola. Di Asia, teknik serupa batik juga diterapkan di Tiongkok semasa Dinasti T'ang (618-907) serta di India dan Jepang semasa Periode Nara (645-794). Di Afrika, teknik seperti batik dikenal oleh Suku Yoruba di Nigeria, serta Suku Soninke dan Wolof di Senegal.2. Di Indonesia, batik dipercaya sudah ada semenjak zaman Majapahit, dan menjadi sangat populer akhir abad XVIII atau awal abad XIX. Batik yang dihasilkan ialah semuanya batik tulis sampai awal abad XX dan batik cap baru dikenal setelah Perang Dunia 1 atau sekitar tahun 1920-an3. batik merupakan budaya asli Jawa, tetapi karena Bangsa kita cenderung memiliki budaya lisan, bukan tulisan, sehingga bentuk pendokumentasian yang lengkap justru dimiliki oleh orang di luar Jawa khususnya dan Indonesia umumnya. Dan yang sering terjadi dalam penulisan sejarah batik ini sering kali pengutip dengan atau tanpa disengaja tidak menyebutkan sumber asli. Batik meruapakan kekayaan budaya asli Jawa yang tidak dapat di jumpai di dunia manapun, oleh karena itu bahwa ada pendapat tentang batik merupakan pengaruh dari India, Cina tidak dapat di terima4 , masih menurut4 bahwa justru cara pembuatan corak kain mirip Batik di India dan China itulah yang belajar dari Jawa!!! kalaupun di Halmahera dan Papua ada "batik" dalam pengertian proses mewarnai suatu media sehingga membentuk motif tertentu, pertanyaannya, adakah budaya di bumi yang lebih tua daripada budaya: paleojavanicus yang telah memiliki budaya sebelum yang lainnya ada. Jadi jangan bilang kita mengenal peradaban setelah ada kerajaan Kalingga, tarumanegara, mataram kuno. Jauh sebelum itu kita telah berbudaya.

          Batik adalah kerajinan yang memiliki nilai seni tinggi dan telah menjadi bagian dari budaya Indonesia (khususnya Jawa) sejak lama. Perempuan-perempuan Jawa di masa lampau menjadikan keterampilan mereka dalam membatik sebagai mata pencaharian, sehingga di masa lalu pekerjaan membatik adalah pekerjaan eksklusif perempuan sampai ditemukannya "Batik Cap" yang memungkinkan masuknya laki-laki ke dalam bidang ini. Ada beberapa pengecualian bagi fenomena ini, yaitu batik pesisir yang memiliki garis maskulin seperti yang bisa dilihat pada corak "Mega Mendung", dimana di beberapa daerah pesisir pekerjaan membatik adalah lazim bagi kaum lelaki.

          Tradisi membatik pada mulanya merupakan tradisi yang turun temurun, sehingga kadang kala suatu motif dapat dikenali berasal dari batik keluarga tertentu. Beberapa motif batik dapat menunjukkan status seseorang. Bahkan sampai saat ini, beberapa motif batik tadisional hanya dipakai oleh keluarga keraton Yogyakarta dan Surakarta. Ragam corak dan warna Batik dipengaruhi oleh berbagai pengaruh asing. Awalnya, batik memiliki ragam corak dan warna yang terbatas, dan beberapa corak hanya boleh dipakai oleh kalangan tertentu. Namun batik pesisir menyerap berbagai pengaruh luar, seperti para pedagang asing dan juga pada akhirnya, para penjajah. Warna-warna cerah seperti merah dipopulerkan oleh Tionghoa, yang juga memopulerkan corak phoenix. Bangsa penjajah Eropa juga mengambil minat kepada batik, dan hasilnya adalah corak bebungaan yang sebelumnya tidak dikenal (seperti bunga tulip) dan juga benda-benda yang dibawa oleh penjajah (gedung atau kereta kuda), termasuk juga warna-warna kesukaan mereka seperti warna biru. Batik tradisonal tetap mempertahankan coraknya, dan masih dipakai dalam upacara-upacara adat, karena biasanya masing-masing corak memiliki perlambangan masing-masing.

1. 1http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?RL=00170
2. 2a b c Nadia Nava, Il batik - Ulissedizioni - 1991 ISBN 88-414-1016-7
3. 3http://pesonabatik.site40.net/Sejarah_Batik.html
4. a b Iwan Tirta, Gareth L. Steen, Deborah M. Urso, Mario Alisjahbana, 'Batik: a play of lights and shades, Volume 1', By Gaya Favorit Press, 1996, ISBN 979-515-313-7, 9789795153139
5. Dewan sastera, Volume 31, Issues 1-6 By Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
6. 4 Batik Shuniyya (Salah satu pakar sejarah batik)

2 GUS DUR THE KNIGHT OF BHINEKA TUNGGAL IKA

Gus Dur is a generation of school and have a major role in the development of pondok pesantren, pondok pesantren can grow up like today. Pondok pesantren are no longer just teach religious education, but the pondok pesantren began to combine religion and public education so that people pondok pesantren have a broad view of life. Islamic people are no longer backward from this common knowledge even today pesantren graduates can occupy strategic positions in government. And all these services can not be separated from Gus Dur in making improvements through the writings he had once opposed by various parties.
Gus Dur is a person who is not afraid of the view difference and ready to fight for it no matter the risk, with no record of different origin without any basis and reasons that do not conflict with religion. And these attitudes and views that became his greatest service to the youth in particular and for NU NU general. So that was led by NU when he is no longer considered an archaic institution, backward and anti-progress impressed. Thanks to his articulation of the NU has a very high intellect and is able to encourage our youth to dare to think and NU expression. Gus Dur is opening space for freedom of thinking in the NU and willing to be the guardian of the criticism and attacks for those who have who have different views and not the views of the chaplain sejalandengan NU. Gus Dur is also the driving force for people to menpelajari 'yellow bible where the hidden treasures of Islam, but also whipped up the spirit of the Nahdliyin to learn the "White Book" which saved the general sciences. So thanks to his service as an institution that is now NU is no longer old-fashioned, backward and anti-change was impressed, but NU metamorphosed into a dynamic organization, open to progress, and tolerant.
Gus Dur is not only NU leaders who only take care of the problems that occurred among the NU, but he is a national leader who always fought on the side of the people who are marginalized, those whose rights are taken away. Gus Dur is the leader ready to be opposite for the good as he did in NU circles, but this attitude also he applied to always criticize any policies of the government's populist and impressive that do not harm the public. Whereas in those days no one dared to oppose what the government policy. Let alone against government policy, to speak a different course no one would dare to do that. And Gus Dur to be one person who dared to oppose policies that are inconsistent with current conditions in society. Gus Dur has always been loyal to the government's critics where others are racing to lick the government with various purposes. One result of the criticism and opposition to policies that Gus Dur harming society and this country will never become a rock sndungan Wahid when he was running for the third chairman of NU. When Gus Dur was opposed to the construction of Kedung Ombo dam in Boyolali, Central Java, which is funded by the World Bank. As a result of criticism and opposition to the government conduct the election campaign again PBNUto Wahid became president a third time. rapidly spread the news that that the government was trying to bribe members of Congress to prevent the re-election of Gus Dur.
Gus Dur is also the figure which have become an icon of democracy, human rights, freedom, plurality and freedom of thinking. At the time he became president of RI to-four, he dismissed FRONT for through this department kebesan thinking and believes that has been guaranteed by the Constitution 45 terbrangus. So there is no freedom of thought and opinion because everyone who believes differently by the government or to criticize the government is prepared to deal with legal issues that may not be in jail without trial or even be threatened his life. Not only that, he boldly eliminate the TAP MPR No. 25 MPRS 1966 because according to him not the duty of the state to isolate the PKI because it is contrary to the Constitution 45 to protect all the Indonesian people regardless of nation and ideology.
Gus Dur is an inspirational figure and has the attitude and the clarity is second to none in this duia. NU Gus Dur is the window to the world, he is a graduate of Middle Eastern Islamic leaders who talk about democracy, human rights and freedom of thinking and this is unusual. Since Gus Dur is not a graduate of the U.S. or the old people who live there, just as young children who lived there and the schools there. Gus Dur is a character who is always ready to be a living shield for the oppressed people Manjadi protective teraniyaya people and not people who like to pretend teraniyaya. He is not afraid to take big risks for a truth and the defense to klaum minorotas. Examples of the most brand new and most mengemparkan for the people of Indonesia is when Gus Dur dismissed Kindergarten (DPR) which during the lebh often become parasites than what they promised so far, which is to become deputy assistant or more delicious alias called public servant. Even with that decision, he must resign or call Wahid politically deposed from the presidency of the republic of Indonesia.
Gus Dur is the true freedom fighters who do not think tirelessly to fight for it. He is an inspiration for young people to not be afraid to escalate an opinion and defend it, although we are trying to opinions different from what is currently running. He always stressed to be creative in thinking without having to be afraid of risk. Because there is no risk-free job. And those who fear the risk is that people will not develop and will not get what he wants. Gus Dur merupaan versatile character and is the only president who dared to issue a controversial statement by the political elites and the public. But Gus Dur is a figure that is too advanced for the Indonesian people are still looking at it all day from the casing or wrapper just not knowing and not knowing what it contained. He is a character on the world cheering you on and degrade by the Indonesian people because that's what the Indonesian people, who prefer soap operas than in reality. Insonesia Nations will and certainly more like a promise than reality. Mr multiculturalism is the name of the father of President Wahid of Indonesia and more than that. He can look at all the same person without distinction of any good from the standpoint of ethnicity, religion, and other viewpoints. He is a leader who terjujur which was once owned by the Indonesian Nation, leaders who do not like to be pitied by her didzolilmi imaged by others. This is evidenced by Gus Dur said that the corruption which has finally proved that it was all just a figment and talk is not clear which of course from people who are not obvious. That with unfounded allegations that he was deposed from the presidency by his political enemies who act like as a friend. Who deserves the echoes from Gus Dur in this case is not complaining and dramatize the nature of the situation, which may still be fresh in our memory how our leaders are not sensitive to the suffering of the people who are hard but could only complain to the state. Gus Dur is clearly a descendant pessantren and raised in the pondok pesantren could have such a powerful saifat, whereas during the boarding school was always underestimated and even lower Probably not considered at all.
Gus Dur is a person who has strong beliefs that he has always tried to do something big in his life journey. For some people it regarded as Gus Dur snobby people because he has a habit to give spirit to himself like an athlete who was talking to himself that he could become a champion before engaging in the game. And these are not owned by our youth in particular and the nation of Indonesia. We'll always be pessimistic and skeptical of anything because we teach leaders to act like that. Therefore, losing someone like Gus Dur is a great loss for the Indonesian nation, because he no other figure even close to him in Indonesia, even in the world though. These services not only recognized him from within the city, but the world will recognize his services by the number of honorary degrees from various negara.paling horrendous is the recognition and delivery of one of honorary doctorates from renowned universities of Israel who might not be any more children nation will get it. And many more pengharagaan and respect the world have for him. He will never die in our hearts. His spirit will always grow and blazing in our hearts to continue the struggle he has in any field. And, most importantly in the honoring of a hero not only have to give the title hero of the title are too trivial and degrading service and contribution impressed him very very very big on the Indonesian nation. Let us honor him by applying the tolerant attitude, creative thinking memintingkan obligations than we always demand their rights and fight for people and not to seek benefits from people. May the his soul he given a beautiful place with Allah SWT Amen.

0 Preemtive Strategy

Preemtive strategy similar to the generic strategy, but emphasize his superiority. This approach is oriented to the overall cost advantage and differentiation. Highlight the overall cost advantage is lower prices than competitors. Differentiation highlights the striking difference in the brand with the brand is not a superior competitor. Preemtive strategy is a smart strategy, because the highlight of superiority and a unique statement. This strategy was used because of superior benefits compared to competing products have only a small difference. Diekploitasi this difference so that the benefits of a product appear different from competitors' products. Thus, blocking a competitor to say the same. However, do not exaggerate the benefits of your product by saying things that are making it up, because it includes advertising sin (Eric Schulz, 2001).

Preemtive strategy used by Dove to show the superiority of its products Dove Silkening Body Lotion and Dove Cream Oil Shower. Skin like silk (silk) is the gold standard of skin conditions. Dove Supreme Silk contains perceive pure silk providing superior care compared with its competitors. Dove ads in Indonesia by using the execution witness evidence, namely Dove users to feel their softness. In this way, the Dove into the superior looks different than its competitors.

Visine eye drops are also using preemtive strategy. By using the "Getting the red out". And all the drugs designed to relieve eye redness in the eyes, but who started the ad is Visine. Consumers associate the drug that can eliminate eye redness is Visine, Visine has since made a dramatic statement. There is no other company that makes a statement like this, for fear of being called a plagiarist.
Kopi Kapal Api preemtive strategy in 1978, which is advertised in the Fire Ship Coffee TVRI using Paimo comedians such as advertising support. Strategy done because no one has done promotions via television. Whereas overseas has many food products, beverages at diklankan by television. The strategy is a good strategy, so as if there is no other coffee brand Kopi Kapal Api besides. Since then Kopi Kapal Api brand and grow its market melijit throughout the archipelago. Currently Fire Ship Coffee became the market leader for coffee products in Indonesia.

0 ENTREPRENEUR VIRUS

We have just discussed significant uproar-the virus that causes bird flu and its effects, but we rarely talk about the virus name virus entrepreneur. The virus must be injected entrepreneur since childhood to make the State of Indonesia is superior. If the virus is injected only 5% of the entire population of Indonesia and the virus could be 5% Entrepreneurs, Indonesia has more than Taiwan and Japan. Existing entrepreneurs in Taiwan is only 4.8% of the population, whereas in Japan reached 4% of the entire population. Indonesia, currently has only reached 1.2%, still less with the Philippines, which entrepreneurnya already reached 1.5% of the entire population. Education budget was said in 2006, has reached 20%, how beautiful part is used to inject the virus of this entrepreneur.

Genesis interesting, I experienced when my child was sick. I bought drugs at the drug store owned by my friend, who happened to his wife Tionghoa. When I was buying drugs at the drug store to my friend, I was made to ask, because dilemari-closet and the tables are full of these drugs have a different box, which turned out to contain several packs of cigarettes. "Mbak kok kok sampeyan drug sales are also selling cigarettes?". My friend's wife was smiling as he replied "Nah kok mas Yanto. This cigarette case was not me who has, but it is hers Diana ". Diana was the son who was still in Elementary school. That way the family business Tionghoa to teach her son since childhood. So when his son was great, I believe, he would be skilled in the business world. Because the business school since elementary school with a capital of the parent box containing cigarettes. Tionghoa our brother, has been used to inject the virus to her child entrepreneur since childhood, so naturally when the soul entrepreneurnya above average.

I am also grateful to God, was introduced by my grandmother's business since the third grade, which is selling kedondong. The injected virus entrepreneur my grandmother is a sweet memory that I can not forget and is the first step I know the business world. Like a car that suddenly silent running, and after running the car never stopped until now, until the car is stopped by the Creator. Experience teaches that the move was the first car is the most difficult, because the greatest resistance, so many people who do not want to move the car and let the car remained in place. But the car has been running its resistance is relatively small compared to the silent car. If the virus to move the car or the virus was injected entrepreneurs to children currently in school or college, hopefully, become the State of Indonesia is unmatchable in the world of business in this world

0 FISCAL POLICY ON THE RASULULLAH S.A.W. ERA

Messenger is the head of the first countries to introduce new concepts in the field of state finance in the seventh century collection of all the countries should be collected first and then issued in accordance with state requirements. Results collection is state owned and not owned by individuals. Nevertheless, state leaders and the governor can use it to cover his personal needs. Gathering place called Baitul Maal (house property) or the state treasurer. There are two policies that made the Messenger of Allah for economic development and increase employment participation and production. The first policy is to encourage people to start economic activities both within their own group as well as cooperation with other groups without paid Baitul Maal. The second policy is a policy and action that made the Messenger of Allah by removing the Baitul Maal funds.

The first policy adopted adalam Messenger aggregate demand to improve the Muslim community in Medina after the hijra is to bring together immigrants with Ansar. This agreement, which places each Ansar was responsible for civil Muhajirinnya, causing the distribution of income from the Ansar to immigrants. Because people have a tendency immigrants greater consumption than people Ansar, the distribution of income in this way has increased the total demand in Medina. Other policies implemented Prophet in Medina in the early era of Islam after the hijra is providing employment for those immigrants and increase national income by implementing Muslims contracts muzaraa, musaqat, and mudaraba and limited cooperation between immigrants who provide labor with Ansar who own agricultural land, plantations and savings. Imam Bukhari narrated as follows:

Upon arrival the immigrants in Medina, the Prophet unite Abdur Rahman bin Awf and Sa'd ibn ar-Rabi '. Then Sa'd ibn ar-Rabi 'said to' Abdur Rahman bin Auf, "I'm including the Ansar who had many possessions. Property that will share two, half for you and half for me. I have two wives, which one you look at the most interesting view. Mention his name, he will soon I'm divorced. After you iddahnya expired kupersilakan marry. "Abdur Rahman bin Auf said," May Allah bless your family and wealth. Just show me, where is your city market? ". Abdur Rahman bin 'Auf and indicated the market place Qainuqa Bani'. When he returned he was carrying wheat and Samin. So he tried, and so forth trading in the market. Also narrated from Abu Hurairah, he said: The Ansar said to the Prophet , "Divide our date-palm trees between us and our comrade." He said, "Not." The immigrants said, "You meet our needs and we'll come work with you in the care of the fruit." The Ansar replied, "We hear and we obey. "

From the hadith is shown that the Ansar have a self-sacrificing nature, prioritize and loving people of the immigrants. While immigrants greatly appreciate the sincerity of the favor of the Ansar. They do not use it as an opportunity for the interests not in place. They only want to receive assistance from the Ansar in accordance with their efforts in putting in a job. Naturally, the expansion of production and trade facilities increase the total production of the Muslims and led to improved utilization of labor resources, land and capital. Later in the same period the Prophet distributed the land to the immigrants for settlement construction. This policy also increases the work participation and residential development activities in Medina and meet the essential needs of immigrants will be a place to live. In this way the general welfare of the Muslims increased

0 MARKETS ON ROSULULLAH ERA (1)

Overseas markets visited by the Prophet Muhammad was visited when I was 12 years old located in the Bushra or Basra in the country called Syria. This trip made in 582 AD following the uncle Abu Talib. Sham country is one of the most important neighboring country to the Arabian Peninsula region. The country is known for lush and rich, so always be a primary objective for the Arabian Peninsula residents who want to find a new livelihood. In this country they settled while herding cattle in a pasture that is or was also a trade relationship with the local population. Relations between Syria and the Arabian Peninsula was never broken from time to time, which is generally focused in the field of trade and exports and imports of food and basic industrial society. Hijaz Line-Sham is the most important point, which is packed with trade caravans that back and forth carrying their goods from one country to another country.

Different treatment is carried out against the group of Quraysh Bahira moment. "By Allah, O Bahira, we saw you act differently on this day. In previous times, you have never served us, and we often pass your place. What happened to you today? "Bahira replied," What you say is true. You currently are my guests and I want to glorify you by providing meals. I hope that you all can attend. "A few moments later, all members of the group had gathered in the hermitage Bahira, except Prophet Muhammad He stayed in place and did not attend the banquet because it was still a child. Because Bahira not seen among those present who was he observes, he then said, "O people of Quraysh, I do not want no one among you who do not attend this jamuanku." Quraysh delegation then answered, "No one in Those of us who are not present here, except for a small child. He is a member of the youngest group that should stay in place. "Bahira said," Do not do that. Panggilah him to attend with you always in this place. "One member of the Quraysh caravan was kemudia said," By Lata and Uzza, we will not be blamed for child Muthallib Abdullah bin Abdul sat and ate with us. "The man then went see Muhammad and took him to places such banquet.

At the time of Muhammad to enjoy the banquet, Bahira continue watching it carefully. Bahira also looked at his body with a probing look as if it was looking for something on his body. At the present time all had finished eating and started to leave his seat, then went to Bahira Prophet Muhammad and said, "O child, by Lata and Uzza, I want you to tell me what would I ask you." Bahira Lata's name and use it in the beginning Uzza word to Muhammad because he had heard someone Quraysh also swear by the name . Small Muhammad then said, "Thou shalt not mengjukan questions by calling me," By Lata and Uzza. By Allah, I have never hated anything for them.

0 PRIMARY STATE INCOME AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD ON ISLAM (1)

At the beginning of Islam the main source of state revenue is khums, sodaqoh nature, charity, kharaj (land tax) and jizya (tax collection). Khums issued in 2 hijra. Sodaqoh nature is also required in 2 hijra. Kharaj withdrawn at 7 years of Hijrah, after the bow of Khaibar. Zakat is required in the year 8 Hijri and jizya determined in 8 migrate as well (Sadr, 1989). At the time of the Prophet, government policies relating to state revenues are distributed all income received. The policy was changed at the time of Caliph Omar. At that revenue rose sharply and Baitul Maal permanently established in the city center and the provincial capital, which still remains

Khums in Arabic means one fifth. Khums is one source of income Baitul Maal, as mentioned in the Qur'an (8:41). A fifth is for Allah and His Messenger is to be used for the state public welfare (Pickthall, 1969). Prophet membagai usually khums into three parts, first part for himself and his family, the second to the third part of his relatives and to orphans, those in need and those who were on their way. Four-fifths of the other part is divided among the soldiers who participated in the war (in certain cases some people who did not participate in the war also get a share). The rider got two parts (for himself and his horse), the soldier, a woman who attended the war to help some things do not get a share of the spoils of war (Sabzwari, 1984).

In the second year after Hijrah required sodaqoh nature. Sodaqoh is also known as Zakat Al-Fitr is compulsory every fasting month of Ramadan. The amount of Sha dates, wheat (barley), flour cheese or raisins, or half-Sha wheat for every Muslim, slave nor free, male or female, young or old, and paid before the Id prayer (Bukhari, 1979).

Kharaj refers to income derived from rents of agricultural land and forests belonged to the Ummah. If the cultivated land and orchards owned by non-Muslims fell into the hands of Muslims due to losing the battle, these assets become part of the public ownership of Muslims. Therefore, anyone who wants to cultivate the land must pay the rent. Revenue from this lease is included in the scope kharaj. An example is the rent collected over some land in Khaibar, which is war booty and a Muslim public ownership (Sadr, 1989). When Khaibar was conquered, the land was taken over by the Muslims and old owners to cultivate the land offered as a substitute for land rent and are willing to give some production to the state. Kharaj amount of land still being half of the production. The Prophet used to send people who have knowledge in this matter to estimate the amount of production. After reducing the excess of the estimated one-third, two-thirds of their distributed and are free to choose, accept or reject the division. The same procedure was also applied in other areas. Kharaj became an important source of income (Sabzwari, 1984).

0 DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENTS ON RASULULLAH (1)

One of the special purpose economy in the early development of Islam is penginvestasian community-owned savings. This is manifested in two ways, namely to develop investment opportunities appropriate legal and sharia and prevent leakage or the use of savings for goals that are not Islamic. Development investment can be through cooperation, qardul hasan, infaq and endowments.

According to Sadr (1989) development of investment opportunities that are legal and conducted according to Islamic investment by adopting conventional system which then adjusted so that the surplus (savings holders) and entrepreneurs can work together with the ex-ante share agreement that generates added value. Because the main activity is the service economy, agricultural, trade and crafts, the appropriate legal form for all these activities is mudarabah, muzara'ah, musyakat and Musharaka. Community-owned savings allocated to the trade and crafts, while the physical assets such as land, machinery, etc.. Used for agricultural. The instigation and guidance of the Messenger of immigrants and Al-Ansar is ready to cooperate with the division of ownership 50% -50%. Given the immigrants are "less" in terms of capital and skills pertaining to agricultural and trade, the ownership of which they received does not match the value that they contribute pastisipasi. Through this partnership contract, the Ansar teach the required skills, so that productivity increases. For owners of capital, this form of cooperation is very beneficial because they can be involved directly in the investment process. Experiences, information, and methods of supervision and management that they have can be applied directly. In this partnership, the business risk borne by both parties. Experience and information obtained by participants and informed the public for their interest in such cooperation. Gradually, perfect information and knowledge society will be able to reduce the risk of investors in business. In addition to earned income, information and administrative methods of trade / economy they get the main attraction for people to make investments.

In the early Islamic period, the government in various ways to provide investment-oriented facilities for the community. First, provide various facilities for producers to produce. Second, provide tax advantages, especially for new production units. This method does not harm the Islamic tax incentives for economic activity tax withdrawals made in proportion to the benefits; rents and quasi-rent earned from business activities that do not reduce the incentives and the efficiency of producers. Third, improve production efficiency and private sector participation in the investment community. This is done by introducing production techniques and new skills to the Muslims. Keterampilam ditrasfer new science of Persia and Rome which was later adopted by Muslim societies. In this case the introduction of technology financing beyond the financial capacity of private sector public funds are used. Weapons production technology and medical science adopted from Persia by the Prophet himself with funds from the cash masyarakat.Investasi infrastructure in improving the capacity and efficiency of production developed under the leadership of Umar. In the same time, accounting and administrative methods of Persia, irrigation techniques, and architecture of Rome was introduced to the public. During his leadership of the Caliph Ali, mint techniques, as well as kesustraan and science of human well-developed. This is a good omen for the public sector efforts to overcome obstacles in carrying out the production process and increase production efficiency in the form of action that not only improve efficiency but also encourages people to invest capital owned (Sadr, 1989).

0 Changing Dollars To The Dinar

Trade is the basis of the economy in Arabia before Islam came. Prerequisites for the transaction is a payment tool that can be trusted. Arabia and neighboring areas are directly under the control of Persia and Rome. The unit used the money that countries are dirhams and dinars. In a business transaction in Arabia two kinds of money are also accepted. With the growing political strength of those two countries, the payment means more reliable in the region under the influence of power. Because of that factor, the Persians and the Romans being the only trading partner Arabs (Sadr, 1989).

Dirham and the dinar coin has a fixed weight and a content of silver or gold that remained. However, during the Umayyad dynasty Abbassiyah and weight change, as well as in Persia itself. In the post-Islamic, the silver content of coins coin which differs from one region to another, but in the early period of Islam is fixed. At this time the amount of gold and silver zakat as mentioned in the Scriptures is based on the weight of dirhams and dinars coins stipulated at the time of the early Islamic period (Kattani, 1975:413). Value of one dinar equal to ten dirhams (Sadr, 1989). But at the Fathimiyah Dynasty during al-Hakim ibn Amrillah dinar price equal to 34 dirhams for dirhams many mixed-dirham (Al Maqrizy, 1988:70-80). During the Ottoman coordination, Utsmaniah formal financial system since 1534 is based on the goods of gold and silver mines in the ratio 1:15 (Imarah, 1993:101). Dinar and dirham addition, there is also money to meet the needs of selling goods slightly less expensive than the price of a dirham or a part of dirhams, because it had always been until now the people need a medium of exchange other than gold and silver. To meet the needs of this bargain purchase, they scored some of the copper in the process of small pieces called filthy lucre (money copper) (Al Maqrizy, 1988:90). Value filthy lucre than dirhams in the early Islamic period is 1: 48 (Al-Hallaq, 1986:17). Value is not fixed copper cash increase of dirhams in the year 756 AH in the ratio 1: 24 (Al-Sayuthi, 1975:104).

Dinar and the dirham is the currency stable world from early Islam to the present. Inflation after the year 1400 is zero. The price of chicken at the time of the Prophet s.a.w. is 1 dirham and now (2006) is still around 1 dirham (Vadillo, 1998). Dinar is the ideal currency to facilitate and improve international trade and minimizing speculation in paper money that could trigger the Asian currency crisis of 1997. The existence of a union funds between countries in the Muslim world will increase the quantity of trade between Muslim countries and help increase economic development if the conditions of supply of money managed tesebut dinars (Beshir, 2003). The idea of the gold dinar currency hagemoni help minimize currency U.S. dollars and once again use the dinar as an international currency because the value of paper currencies continue to fluctuate not as stable gold currency which has lasting value, its value is the value of the metal itself. The system is built on the idea that the Islamic government is keeping gold on the Central Bank and use it within the framework of commercial transactions rather than depend on foreign financial markets and foreign financial companies (Hanafi, 2003). Opportunity to use the dinar currency was big enough, because the population of members of the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) to reach 1.1 billion or 19.2% of the population of the world. So it's time we menghganti dollars to dinars.

0 Wakaf

Waqf is a glorious worship that aims to spread prosperity to all umat.sehingga prosperity was not confined to just some people who had been familiar with the term of the bourgeoisie (conglomerate). In the recent period of prosperity is never sided with the dhu'afa (weak / poor) which lives very, very far from the prosperous. Endowments are holding property (whether in the form of fixed assets and current assets) that can be utilized without the difference or just disappear, not by taking legal action against the object (to sell, give or leave it), to be distributed (results) in the Mubah Suat (not haram) is there, (Decree of the Central MUI Fatwa Commission dated May 11 2002/28 Safar 1423).
Endowments itself if hadistt prism of a prophet to guide argumentation (opinion), it is different endowments denngan zakat or alms, but almost similar to infaq and can be categorized into the concept infaq. The term itself embodied in the endowments of Al-Quran, but the birth of the opinion that Muhammad SAW Syayidina answer Umar, when he was about to menginfakkan a fertile plot of land in Khaibar. The Prophet then offered what if the garden was used as "baboon" and maintained only its immortality, while the exploited is the result. Rosul said:
"Narrated from Ibn` Umar that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab ra acquire land (garden) in Khoibar, and he told Muhammad ASW dating for instructions regarding the land. He said. "O Muhammad I have land in Khaibar, which I never get a better property than the land to me; what you ordered (to me) about it?" Of the Prophet replied: "If you want, you stand and you just sedekahkan (result) of his.
Ibn Umar bekata "then, Umar menyedekahkan land, (to require) that the land was not sold, not donated and are not inherited. He menyedekahkan results to fuqara, relatives, riqab (slave, the oppressed), Sabilillah, Ibn sabil, and guests. Not guilty of those who manage to eat from (the) land is ma'ruf (naturally) and feeding (to others) without making harata's. ". narrator said, "I told them to hadistt Ibn Sirin, and he berkata'ghaira mutaatstilin nights" (without saving it as property ownership). (Bukhari, Muslim, al-Tirmidhi and al-Nasa'i).

0 Hikmah Concluding

Wisdom is something that has meaning or a deeper meaning or something kebijakksanaan of which comes from God. Although it was from God's wisdom, but not everyone can accept the difficulties, suffering, sadness and failure. How to take this wisdom that distinguish successful people and those who fail. The man who failed so falling, he never woke up again and can not take lessons. While successful people, so fell she would wake up and take lessons. Philosophy Tionghoa family had desperately wanted before failing more than three times, while the Japanese will continue to rise seven times before it fails. That's the way they are dealing with the failure and take lessons.

When I failed to enter university that I desire, namely Bandung Institute of Technology majoring in Mechanical Engineering, so I accept the field as received in FMIPA Physics UGM. I can take a lesson from the incident. Maybe God wants me to have in the world of education. Alhamdulillah, now I have managed more than ten universities from the Academy to the University. When Primagama established with a very small capital, is only able to rent a room Rp25.000, 00 per month. After 3 months we were told to move. "Brother Purdi we usually talk of family problems, but this time I want to talk business. Considering you have not paid my rent for three months, so I ask all the items in my house is your take-home ", said the owner of the house. Mr. Purdi replied, "I'm with my friends, just spread brochure Pak. Please I am given a chance ". "I give a week's time to clean my house," said the owner of the house. Then Mr. Purdi home to me and tell what the landlord. When I answered, "God willing, there are lesson". Then we both strive to spread leaflets to students and not wasting a week's time. In one week we finally get the money Rp50.000, 00. Then, I was with Mr. Purdi find another place and finally got a place to rent Rp30.000, 00 per month. After signing the agreement, then Mr. Purdi I invite to see the new office from the front. Then I said, "Our new office a little better than his old office. That is the lesson ". Mr. Purdi nodded.

Likewise, when I founded STMIK AMIKOM Yogyakarta, I was asked to Primagama to rent a place or office. But Primagama not want to rent a place or office. I had to take lessons from the incident. "Maybe I should learn to find a way when no money to rent office" I said to myself. Of this difficulty I finally found a way, the future owner of an empty house on Jl. Monginsidi No. 8. That happened in April 1994 .. The owner of the house was named Mr. Drs. Budi Sutrisno. "Sir, I want you to rent a house for two years" I said. "Sure. the house was empty "said Mr Blake. Then I tried to pay the rent with August and September. Pak allows for rent dinotariskan condition. Every failure is always a lesson. If we already know the positive side, or we can take lessons, then that's the beginning of success. "Because really, hardship is a convenience, really, hardship is a convenience" (Nature NASYRAH: 5-6).